LLM Human Rights Law — practice questions
102 free MCQs with worked solutions. Tap any question for the answer + explanation, or practice them all in the app.
Practice LLM Human Rights Law in the app →UDHR 1948 was adopted by the UN GA on:UDHR Article 1 states that all human beings are born:UDHR Article 3 protects:UDHR Article 5 prohibits:The TWO PRINCIPAL TREATIES giving binding effect to the UDHR were adopted on 16 December 1966:Article 6 ICCPR provides that:Article 7 ICCPR prohibits:Article 9 ICCPR protects the right to liberty. Anyone arrested shall be:Article 14 ICCPR guarantees the right to a FAIR TRIAL. The protections include:Article 18 ICCPR protects the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Limitations may be imposedArticle 19 ICCPR protects freedom of expression. Permissible restrictions under Article 19(3):Under Article 4 ICCPR, in time of PUBLIC EMERGENCY, States Parties may derogate from their obligations EXCEPT ICESCR Article 11 recognises the right to:ICESCR Article 12 recognises the right to:Under Article 2(1) ICESCR, States Parties undertake to take steps to the maximum of available resources to achThe CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 1984 (CAT) defines 'torture' in Article 1 as:Under Article 2 CAT 1984, each State Party shall take measures to PREVENT TORTURE. The article expressly proviArticle 3 CAT 1984 codifies the principle of NON-REFOULEMENT:CEDAW 1979 (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women), Article 1, defines 'dThe CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD 1989 (CRC) defines a 'child' (Article 1) as:In INDIA, the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993 establishes the:Section 12 PHRA 1993 confers FUNCTIONS on NHRC including:Under Section 18 PHRA 1993, the NHRC has the SAME powers as a CIVIL COURT trying a suit under the CPC for inquThe principal limitation on NHRC's investigative powers under Section 19 PHRA 1993 relates to:In OLGA TELLIS v. BOMBAY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, AIR 1986 SC 180, the Supreme Court held that:In FRANCIS CORALIE MULLIN v. ADMINISTRATOR, UNION TERRITORY OF DELHI, AIR 1981 SC 746, the Supreme Court held In VISHAKA v. STATE OF RAJASTHAN, AIR 1997 SC 3011, the Supreme Court used CEDAW provisions to:Article 21 of the Constitution of India has been judicially expanded to include the right to:In KESAVANANDA BHARATI v. STATE OF KERALA, AIR 1973 SC 1461, the Supreme Court held that the FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTArticles 32 and 226 of the Constitution provide JUDICIAL REMEDIES for human rights violations:The DOCTRINE OF PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION (PIL) in Indian constitutional law:Section 30 PHRA 1993 mandates the establishment of HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS in:In MANEKA GANDHI v. UNION OF INDIA, AIR 1978 SC 597, the Supreme Court held that:In JUSTICE K.S. PUTTASWAMY v. UNION OF INDIA, (2017) 10 SCC 1, the Supreme Court held that the right to PRIVACIn NAVTEJ SINGH JOHAR v. UNION OF INDIA, (2018) 10 SCC 1, the Supreme Court held that:In NALSA v. UNION OF INDIA, (2014) 5 SCC 438, the Supreme Court recognised:In D.K. BASU v. STATE OF WEST BENGAL, AIR 1997 SC 610, the Supreme Court issued 11 GUIDELINES to be followed bUnder Article 13 ICCPR, ALIENS lawfully in the territory may be expelled only:Article 25 ICCPR protects POLITICAL RIGHTS of every citizen to:The HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE (HRC) under ICCPR consists of:Under the FIRST OPTIONAL PROTOCOL to ICCPR, INDIVIDUALS may submit communications alleging violations of theirThe CEDAW Optional Protocol 1999 enables:The HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (HRC), distinct from the Human Rights Committee, was established in 2006 to:The RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT (R2P) doctrine in human rights law applies to four crimes:Under Article 27 ICCPR, the rights of LINGUISTIC, RELIGIOUS or ETHNIC MINORITIES:Article 24 ICCPR specifically protects the rights of CHILDREN, providing that:Article 17 ICCPR protects against ARBITRARY INTERFERENCE with:The PRINCIPLE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION in human rights law is reflected in Article 26 ICCPR which states:The UN BASIC PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES ON THE RIGHT TO A REMEDY AND REPARATION (Van Boven-Bassiouni PrinciplesIn INDIA, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 (RTE Act) was enacted under:The NHRC chairperson must be:Term of office of NHRC Chairperson and Members is:The NHRC chairperson is APPOINTED by the:Under the PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2019, the changes include:The Geneva Conventions of 1949 contain a 'mini convention' applicable to NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS:The MARTENS CLAUSE in international humanitarian law (first introduced 1899 Hague Convention) provides that inThe PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY in International Humanitarian Law (Article 51(5)(b) AP I 1977):The principle of DISTINCTION in IHL (Article 48 AP I 1977) requires parties to:The CONVENTION ON THE STATUS OF REFUGEES 1951 defines a 'refugee' (Article 1A(2)) as a person who has a:Under Article 33 Refugee Convention 1951 (NON-REFOULEMENT), no Contracting State shall:Under the 1984 CAT, Article 14 provides for the right to:Article 16 CAT 1984 extends prohibition to:The 'three-tier obligation' framework of human rights (RESPECT, PROTECT, FULFIL) was articulated by:The INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS (IACHR), based in San José, Costa Rica, has jurisdiction over State PThe EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS (ECHR), based in Strasbourg, has jurisdiction over State Parties of the:The AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES' RIGHTS 1981 (Banjul Charter) is distinctive for:The SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC) has:Section 36 PHRA 1993 places SOME RESTRICTIONS on NHRC investigations:The Geneva Conventions of 1949 — when do GRAVE BREACHES occur, triggering universal jurisdiction?The TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) model in transitional justice is associated with:The PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS (Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 1993) emphasise that:The 1995 BEIJING DECLARATION AND PLATFORM FOR ACTION (Fourth World Conference on Women) established:The RIGHTS OF THE CHILD CONVENTION (CRC) 1989 establishes the FOUR CORE PRINCIPLES:The CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (CRPD) 2006 marks a paradigm shift from:The UN GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2011 (Ruggie Principles) propose a:In PEOPLE'S UNION FOR DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS v. UNION OF INDIA (ASIAD WORKERS CASE), AIR 1982 SC 1473, the Supreme In BANDHUA MUKTI MORCHA v. UNION OF INDIA, AIR 1984 SC 802, the Supreme Court held that:In M.C. MEHTA v. STATE OF TAMIL NADU (SIVAKASI CASE), (1996) 6 SCC 756, the Supreme Court issued comprehensiveSection 7 of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976 declares that:The PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT AS MANUAL SCAVENGERS AND THEIR REHABILITATION ACT 2013 implements:Article 23 of the Constitution prohibits TRAFFIC IN HUMAN BEINGS, BEGAR AND OTHER SIMILAR FORMS OF FORCED LABOArticle 22 of the Constitution provides safeguards against ARBITRARY ARREST AND DETENTION. Article 22(1) guaraThe Supreme Court in HUSSAINARA KHATOON v. STATE OF BIHAR, AIR 1979 SC 1369 held that:The Supreme Court in M.H. HOSKOT v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA, AIR 1978 SC 1548 held that:Section 357A CrPC 1973 (inserted 2009) provides for VICTIM COMPENSATION SCHEME by:The TRANSGENDER PERSONS (PROTECTION OF RIGHTS) ACT 2019 implements the:The SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT WORKPLACE (PREVENTION, PROHIBITION AND REDRESSAL) ACT 2013 implements:In SARLA MUDGAL v. UNION OF INDIA, AIR 1995 SC 1531, the Supreme Court held that:The PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2005 protects women from VARIOUS FORMS OF VIOLENCE:The CHILDREN ACT (Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015) for India:The SC/ST (PREVENTION OF ATROCITIES) ACT 1989 was enacted to:The CASTE-BASED DISCRIMINATION in international human rights law is addressed by:The RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005 in India is grounded in the:The MAINTENANCE AND WELFARE OF PARENTS AND SENIOR CITIZENS ACT 2007 implements obligations of:Article 41 ICCPR provides for INTER-STATE COMPLAINTS — a State Party may complain to the HRC that another StatIn NUREMBERG TRIALS 1945-46, the International Military Tribunal articulated the principle that:The PRINCIPLE OF PROGRESSIVE REALIZATION in ICESCR (Article 2(1)) is balanced by the doctrine of:The DOCTRINE OF EXTRA-TERRITORIAL APPLICATION of HUMAN RIGHTS treaties (per the ICJ Wall Advisory Opinion 2004The KAMPALA AMENDMENTS to the Rome Statute (2010) activated the CRIME OF AGGRESSION jurisdiction. The crime isSection 11A NHRC complaints are admitted on grounds of:Article 13 ICESCR recognises the right to EDUCATION. Primary education shall be:The RIGHT TO FOOD under ICESCR Article 11 was elaborated in CESCR General Comment No. 12 (1999) as requiring: