In NUREMBERG TRIALS 1945-46, the International Military Tribunal articulated the principle that:

1. The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (1945-46), established by the London Charter of 8 August 1945 (UK, USA, France, USSR), tried major war criminals of the European Axis. 2. The Tribunal's judgment articulated INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY: 'Crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced.' 3. Defence of SUPERIOR ORDERS (Article 8 Nuremberg Charter): 'The fact that the defendant acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior shall not free him from responsibility, but may be considered in mitigation of punishment if the Tribunal determines that justice so requires.' 4. The principles were codified by the ILC's NUREMBERG PRINCIPLES 1950 and incorporated into the Rome Statute Article 33. 5. Hence option B is correct. _Source: International HR Treaties + Indian Constitutional Jurisprudence — International Military Tribunal Charter 1945 (Nuremberg Charter); Nuremberg Principles 1950 (ILC)_