The principle of DISTINCTION in IHL (Article 48 AP I 1977) requires parties to:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. AP I 1977 Article 48 (Basic rule): 'In order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives.'
2. This is a foundational principle of IHL — protecting non-combatants.
3. Violation is a war crime (Rome Statute Article 8(2)(b)(i)-(ii)).
4. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: International HR Treaties + Indian Constitutional Jurisprudence — Additional Protocol I 1977, Article 48 (Basic rule)_
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