The RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT (R2P) doctrine in human rights law applies to four crimes:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. R2P was adopted by all UN Member States in the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document (GA Res 60/1, paras 138-139).
2. R2P applies to FOUR MASS ATROCITY CRIMES: (i) genocide; (ii) war crimes; (iii) ethnic cleansing; (iv) crimes against humanity.
3. Three pillars: (i) States have primary responsibility to protect their populations; (ii) international community has responsibility to assist; (iii) if a State manifestly fails, the international community is prepared to take collective action through the Security Council under Chapter VII.
4. Invoked: Libya 2011 (UNSC Res 1973), Cote d'Ivoire 2011.
5. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UDHR 1948 / ICCPR 1966 / ICESCR 1966 / CAT 1984 / CEDAW 1979 / CRC 1989 / PHRA 1993 / Constitution Part III — 2005 World Summit Outcome Document; GA Resolution 60/1, paras 138-139_
Related questions
The RIGHT TO FOOD under ICESCR Article 11 was elaborated in CESCR General Comment No. 12 (Article 13 ICESCR recognises the right to EDUCATION. Primary education shall be:Section 11A NHRC complaints are admitted on grounds of:The KAMPALA AMENDMENTS to the Rome Statute (2010) activated the CRIME OF AGGRESSION jurisdThe DOCTRINE OF EXTRA-TERRITORIAL APPLICATION of HUMAN RIGHTS treaties (per the ICJ Wall AThe PRINCIPLE OF PROGRESSIVE REALIZATION in ICESCR (Article 2(1)) is balanced by the doctrIn NUREMBERG TRIALS 1945-46, the International Military Tribunal articulated the principleArticle 41 ICCPR provides for INTER-STATE COMPLAINTS — a State Party may complain to the H