Under Article 33 Refugee Convention 1951 (NON-REFOULEMENT), no Contracting State shall:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B.
1. Article 33(1) Refugee Convention 1951: 'No Contracting State shall expel or return ('refouler') a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.'
2. Article 33(2) — EXCEPTION for a refugee who constitutes a danger to the security of the country or has been convicted of a particularly serious crime.
3. The principle is widely regarded as CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW — binding on non-parties too.
4. Stricter version in Article 3 CAT: NON-REFOULEMENT to torture is ABSOLUTE — no exceptions.
5. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: International HR Treaties + Indian Constitutional Jurisprudence — Refugee Convention 1951, Article 33_
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