Article 21 of the Constitution of India has been judicially expanded to include the right to:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. Article 21 jurisprudence has expanded enormously since Maneka Gandhi v. UoI (1978) ended the AK Gopalan 'water-tight compartment' approach.
2. Article 21 NOW includes: (i) life with dignity (Francis Coralie Mullin, 1981); (ii) livelihood (Olga Tellis, 1986); (iii) privacy (Puttaswamy, 2017); (iv) speedy trial (Hussainara Khatoon, 1979); (v) legal aid (M.H. Hoskot, 1978); (vi) against custodial torture (Sunil Batra, 1978; D.K. Basu, 1997); (vii) education (Mohini Jain, 1992; Unni Krishnan, 1993; Article 21A by 86th Amendment 2002); (viii) clean environment (Subhash Kumar, 1991); (ix) shelter (Shanti Star Builders, 1990); (x) health (Bandhua Mukti Morcha, 1984); (xi) reputation (D.F. Marion, 1980).
3. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UDHR 1948 / ICCPR 1966 / ICESCR 1966 / CAT 1984 / CEDAW 1979 / CRC 1989 / PHRA 1993 / Constitution Part III — Article 21 Constitution of India; Maneka Gandhi v Union of India (1978); Francis Coralie Mullin (1981); Olga Tellis (1986); Bandhua Mukti Morcha (1984); Vishaka (1997); Puttaswamy (2017); Subhash Kumar (1991)_
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