In INDIA, the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993 establishes the:
ANational Human Rights Commission (NHRC) at the Centre, State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) at State level, and Human Rights Courts in each District
BIndian Human Rights Tribunal (cf. Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30) (cf. Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30)
CInternational Human Rights Court for India (cf. Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30) (cf. Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30)
DConstitutional Tribunal for human rights (cf. Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30) (cf. Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) at the Centre, State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) at State level, and Human Rights Courts in each District
1. The Protection of Human Rights Act 1993 (Act 10 of 1994) established a three-tier structure:
2. (i) Section 3 — NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (NHRC) at Delhi: Chairperson (retired CJI or SC judge), 4 members + ex officio members.
3. (ii) Section 21 — STATE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSIONS (SHRCs) in each State.
4. (iii) Section 30 — HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS for speedy trial of offences relating to human rights, in each District.
5. Section 2(d) defines 'human rights' as rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution or International Covenants enforceable by Indian courts.
6. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UDHR 1948 / ICCPR 1966 / ICESCR 1966 / CAT 1984 / CEDAW 1979 / CRC 1989 / PHRA 1993 / Constitution Part III — Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, Sections 3, 21, 30_
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