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DOH Abu Dhabi Licensing Exam The Urinary System — practice questions — page 3

Explore 111 free The Urinary System questions in DOH Abu Dhabi Licensing Exam Physiology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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The Urinary System questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 61–90 of 111.

What is the average glomerular filtration rate in men and in women?Read the answer and worked solution →What proportion of the water filtered by the kidneys is recovered?Read the answer and worked solution →What are the colloid osmotic pressures on the two sides of the glomerular filtration membrane?Read the answer and worked solution →Why does inulin give a close estimate of the glomerular filtration rate?Read the answer and worked solution →Which set of findings appears among the listed symptoms of kidney failure?Read the answer and worked solution →In which parts of the nephron and duct system is filtrate reabsorbed?Read the answer and worked solution →About how much of the filtered water still reaches the collecting ducts?Read the answer and worked solution →Which segment reabsorbs about 15 percent of the filtered water, and by what mechanism?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the transport maximum for glucose recovery in men and in women?Read the answer and worked solution →What share of filtered bicarbonate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?Read the answer and worked solution →What has happened to the osmolarity of the fluid by the time it leaves the ascending loop?Read the answer and worked solution →How does urea contribute to the concentrated medulla?Read the answer and worked solution →Why must blood flow slowly through the vasa recta?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the net effect of intercalated cell activity on plasma and on urine?Read the answer and worked solution →Along which route do sympathetic nerves reach the kidney?Read the answer and worked solution →Under stress, by which two routes is blood diverted away from the kidneys?Read the answer and worked solution →How large a pressure differential across the glomerulus is needed for a normal filtration rate?Read the answer and worked solution →What part does nitric oxide play in tubuloglomerular feedback?Read the answer and worked solution →Which cells produce renin, and what stimulates its release?Read the answer and worked solution →In blood loss or dehydration, what does angiotensin II do at the glomerular arterioles?Read the answer and worked solution →How does progesterone affect renal sodium and water handling?Read the answer and worked solution →What kind of molecule is ADH, and where is it released from?Read the answer and worked solution →What are endothelins, and what do they do in diabetic kidney disease?Read the answer and worked solution →What stimulus causes the heart to release atrial natriuretic hormone?Read the answer and worked solution →How does B-type natriuretic peptide compare with atrial natriuretic hormone?Read the answer and worked solution →Where are the baroreceptors that report blood pressure to the central nervous system?Read the answer and worked solution →How large a fall in blood volume triggers a rapid surge of ADH release?Read the answer and worked solution →Why does ADH also carry the name vasopressin?Read the answer and worked solution →How do caffeine and alcohol each raise urine volume?Read the answer and worked solution →Why is mannitol given after a head injury?Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

What is the average glomerular filtration rate in men and in women?

  1. About 105 mL/min in men, 125 in women
  2. About 125 mL/min in men, 105 in women
  3. About 180 mL/min in men, 150 in women
  4. About 150 mL/min in men, 180 in women
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Correct answer: B. About 125 mL/min in men, 105 in women

1. Glomerular filtration rate is the volume of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute. 2. In men it averages about 125 mL/min, with a range of 90 to 140 mL/min. 3. In women it averages about 105 mL/min, with a range of 80 to 125 mL/min. 4. The figures of 180 and 150 are daily volumes in litres, not per minute rates. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation_

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What proportion of the water filtered by the kidneys is recovered?

  1. About 50 percent
  2. About 75 percent
  3. About 90 percent
  4. About 99 percent
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Correct answer: D. About 99 percent

1. The kidneys filter the entire blood volume about 300 times a day. 2. That produces an enormous filtrate volume that the body cannot afford to lose. 3. Ninety-nine percent of the filtered water is recovered and returned to the circulation. 4. The remaining one percent leaves as the one to two litres of urine produced daily. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation_

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What are the colloid osmotic pressures on the two sides of the glomerular filtration membrane?

  1. 30 mm Hg in capillary, 30 in the space
  2. 30 mm Hg in capillary, near zero in space
  3. 15 mm Hg in capillary, near zero in space
  4. Near zero in capillary, 30 mm Hg in space
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Correct answer: B. 30 mm Hg in capillary, near zero in space

1. Colloid osmotic pressure comes from proteins that cannot cross the barrier. 2. Red and white cells, platelets, albumins and other large proteins stay inside the capillary. 3. Those retained proteins create an average colloid osmotic pressure of 30 mm Hg within the capillary. 4. Almost no protein reaches the capsular lumen, so the osmotic pressure there is near zero. 5. The imbalance means the colloid term acts as a pure inward pull that opposes filtration. 6. Putting the 30 mm Hg on the capsular side would reverse that pull and predict filtration where none occurs. 7. Making the two sides equal would cancel the colloid term entirely and inflate the calculated net pressure. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation_

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