Under stress, by which two routes is blood diverted away from the kidneys?

1. Stress raises sympathetic nervous activity sharply. 2. The first route is direct: norepinephrine from sympathetic endings constricts the afferent arterioles. 3. The second route is hormonal: the same activity stimulates the adrenal medulla. 4. The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine, producing generalised vasoconstriction that includes the afferent arterioles. 5. Both routes cut the volume of blood flowing through the kidney and redirect it to organs with more immediate needs. 6. Renin and aldosterone do follow if pressure falls, but they retain sodium and water rather than diverting flow in the moment. 7. Natriuretic peptides act when the atria are over-stretched, which is not the stress response described here. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow_