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DOH Abu Dhabi Licensing Exam The Urinary System — practice questions — page 4

Explore 111 free The Urinary System questions in DOH Abu Dhabi Licensing Exam Physiology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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The Urinary System questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 91–111 of 111.

Which three signs did clinicians once use to identify diabetes mellitus?Read the answer and worked solution →How does potassium concentration inside a cell compare with that outside?Read the answer and worked solution →What happens to potassium when the nephron reabsorbs more sodium?Read the answer and worked solution →What position does chloride occupy in the extracellular fluid?Read the answer and worked solution →What buffers the hydrogen ions pumped into the forming urine?Read the answer and worked solution →What makes up human urinary nitrogen waste?Read the answer and worked solution →Which drugs cannot be cleared by glomerular filtration?Read the answer and worked solution →Which step of vitamin D activation does the kidney carry out?Read the answer and worked solution →What share of circulating EPO comes from the kidney, and what does the hormone do?Read the answer and worked solution →Why does moving to a high altitude raise EPO production?Read the answer and worked solution →Which three electrolytes does the kidney regulate most closely?Read the answer and worked solution →What share of filtered potassium does the thick ascending limb reabsorb, and by what mechanism?Read the answer and worked solution →Which substances are secreted into the filtrate as waste products?Read the answer and worked solution →Which statement describes simple diffusion in the nephron?Read the answer and worked solution →When the kidney deaminates glutamine, what does the body gain and what does it lose?Read the answer and worked solution →If no further water reabsorption happened beyond the distal tubule, roughly how much urine would be produced daily?Read the answer and worked solution →What is a diuretic?Read the answer and worked solution →What is sodium's place in determining plasma osmolarity?Read the answer and worked solution →What happens to the bladder in late pregnancy?Read the answer and worked solution →What proportion of hospitalised patients does acute kidney injury affect?Read the answer and worked solution →How many times over is the entire blood volume filtered through the kidneys in a day?Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

Which three signs did clinicians once use to identify diabetes mellitus?

  1. Polyuria, pallor and polyphagia
  2. Polydipsia, pallor and polyuria
  3. Polyphagia, pruritus and polyuria
  4. Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia
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Correct answer: D. Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia

1. Before glucose could be measured in blood and urine, the diagnosis rested on three signs. 2. Polyuria is the increased urine output driven by unrecovered glucose acting osmotically. 3. Polydipsia is the increased thirst that follows the water loss. 4. Polyphagia is the increased hunger, since cells cannot take up the glucose that is available. 5. Pallor is not one of the three and belongs to no part of this triad. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition_

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How does potassium concentration inside a cell compare with that outside?

  1. About 30 times greater inside the cell
  2. About 30 times greater outside the cell
  3. About 3 times greater inside the cell
  4. Roughly equal on both sides of the cell
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Correct answer: A. About 30 times greater inside the cell

1. Potassium is the dominant intracellular cation. 2. Its concentration inside the cell is about 30 times that outside. 3. That steep gradient is what makes potassium handling so consequential for nerve and cardiac function. 4. Sodium sits the other way round, which is why the two move in opposite directions in the nephron. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition_

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What happens to potassium when the nephron reabsorbs more sodium?

  1. More potassium is reabsorbed alongside it
  2. More potassium is secreted into the lumen
  3. Potassium handling does not change at all
  4. Potassium is filtered at a lower rate
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Correct answer: B. More potassium is secreted into the lumen

1. Sodium and potassium concentrations move in opposite directions in the nephron. 2. When more sodium is reabsorbed, more potassium is secreted into the lumen. 3. When less sodium is reabsorbed, more potassium is retained in the circulation. 4. Aldosterone drives this pairing, since recovering sodium leaves a negative gradient that promotes potassium and chloride secretion. 5. Treating the two ions as independent would make the effects of aldosterone impossible to predict. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition_

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