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NEET UG Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — practice questions

Explore 151 free Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids questions in NEET UG Chemistry. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–30 of 151.

The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones is:Read the answer and worked solution →Glutaric acid is the common name for:Read the answer and worked solution →A reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia followed by a primary amine R-NH₂ gives:Read the answer and worked solution →**Clemmensen reduction** converts C=O of a ketone to CH₂ using:Read the answer and worked solution →The product of the Hunsdiecker reaction on $CH_3CH_2COOAg$ with $Br_2/CCl_4$ isRead the answer and worked solution →In **Dow's process**, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol by treatment withRead the answer and worked solution →The **Finkelstein reaction** uses which solvent for the conversion $RCl \to RI$?Read the answer and worked solution →Why does the Finkelstein reaction proceed efficiently in acetone but not in water?Read the answer and worked solution →A **Grignard reagent** has the general formulaRead the answer and worked solution →The reaction of $CH_3MgBr$ with formaldehyde ($HCHO$), followed by acidic workup, givesRead the answer and worked solution →$CH_3MgBr$ reacts with $CO_2$ followed by acidic workup. The product isRead the answer and worked solution →Which solvent is essential for preparing a Grignard reagent and why?Read the answer and worked solution →The Lewis-acid catalyst typically used in **Friedel–Crafts alkylation** isRead the answer and worked solution →Benzene treated with $CH_3COCl$ and anhydrous $AlCl_3$ givesRead the answer and worked solution →Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene with $1$-chloropropane and $AlCl_3$ gives, as the major product,Read the answer and worked solution →The **Swarts reaction** converts an alkyl chloride to an alkyl fluoride usingRead the answer and worked solution →**Williamson's synthesis** of ethers couples an alkoxide withRead the answer and worked solution →In **Wurtz's reaction**, two alkyl halides couple in the presence ofRead the answer and worked solution →The Wurtz reaction on $CH_3CH_2Br$ with sodium in dry ether gives mainlyRead the answer and worked solution →The **Fittig reaction** couples two molecules ofRead the answer and worked solution →The Wurtz–Fittig reaction between $C_6H_5Br$ and $CH_3CH_2Br$ with Na in dry ether givesRead the answer and worked solution →**Lucas reagent** is a mixture ofRead the answer and worked solution →Among $1$-butanol, $2$-butanol and $tert$-butanol, the order of reactivity in the Lucas test isRead the answer and worked solution →**Kolbe's reaction** treats sodium phenoxide with $CO_2$ under pressure to giveRead the answer and worked solution →**Reimer–Tiemann reaction** of phenol with $CHCl_3$ and aq. $NaOH$, followed by hydrolysis, givesRead the answer and worked solution →The reactive electrophile in the Reimer–Tiemann reaction isRead the answer and worked solution →In the **cumene process** for industrial phenol production, the by-product formed alongside phenol isRead the answer and worked solution →For a carbonyl compound to undergo **aldol condensation**, it must haveRead the answer and worked solution →Self-aldol condensation of acetaldehyde, after dehydration, givesRead the answer and worked solution →A **cross aldol** condensation between benzaldehyde and acetone (excess acetone) gives, as the major product,Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones is:

  1. sp-hybridised, linear
  2. sp²-hybridised, planar (with ~120° bond angles); C=O is polar — Cδ+, Oδ−
  3. sp³d-hybridised, trigonal bipyramidal
  4. sp³-hybridised, tetrahedral
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Correct answer: B. sp²-hybridised, planar (with ~120° bond angles); C=O is polar — Cδ+, Oδ−

**Carbonyl C is sp²-hybridised**: three σ-bonds in a plane (~120°) + one π-bond with oxygen. The **C=O bond is polar** (O is much more electronegative): Cδ+ (electrophilic) and Oδ− (nucleophilic). This polarity drives most of the chemistry of aldehydes/ketones.

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Glutaric acid is the common name for:

  1. Hexanedioic acid (adipic acid)
  2. Butanedioic acid (HOOC-(CH₂)₂-COOH)
  3. Pentanedioic acid: HOOC-(CH₂)₃-COOH
  4. Propanedioic acid (malonic acid)
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Correct answer: C. Pentanedioic acid: HOOC-(CH₂)₃-COOH

**Common names for dicarboxylic acids:** **oxalic = ethanedioic (HOOC-COOH)** **malonic = propanedioic** **succinic = butanedioic** **glutaric = pentanedioic** **adipic = hexanedioic**. **Memory aid:** O-M-S-G-A for the first 5 (2-6 carbons).

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A reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia followed by a primary amine R-NH₂ gives:

  1. Schiff base (substituted imine: R-CH=N-R')
  2. Hemiacetal
  3. Acetal
  4. Carboxylic acid
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Correct answer: A. Schiff base (substituted imine: R-CH=N-R')

**RCHO + R'NH₂ → R-CH=N-R' (Schiff base / substituted imine) + H₂O**. With **NH₃** alone → imine R-CH=NH with **hydroxylamine NH₂OH** → oxime; with **hydrazine NH₂NH₂** → hydrazone; with **2,4-DNP** → 2,4-DNP hydrazone.

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More Chemistry topics

Amines and BiomoleculesChemical KineticsEquilibriumRedox ReactionsHydrocarbonsChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureSolutionsStructure of Atom