The carbonyl carbon in an aldehyde or ketone is

1. NCERT §8.1.2: the carbonyl carbon has THREE atoms bonded to it (the doubly-bonded O and two other atoms — in formaldehyde, two H's; in acetaldehyde, one H and one C; in acetone, two C's). 2. Three sigma bonds around the central carbon → $sp^2$ HYBRIDISATION. Three sp$^2$ hybrids lie in a plane separated by $120^\circ$. 3. The fourth (unhybridised) $p$ orbital perpendicular to the plane forms the $\pi$ bond with the oxygen. 4. Hence the carbonyl group is PLANAR, with bond angles close to $120^\circ$. Real molecules show slight distortion (e.g. $\sim 121.7^\circ$ for $\angle\mathrm{HCO}$ in formaldehyde). 5. Option A is for tetrahedral $sp^3$ carbons (alkanes). Option B is the geometry of alkynes ($sp$). Option D is wrong — bonded atoms require hybridisation. _Source: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Part 2, Ch 8, §8.1.2 (Structure of the Carbonyl Group), p. 4._