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AP Biology Unit 5C: Non-Mendelian Genetics & Population Transmission — practice questions — page 2

Explore 100 free Unit 5C: Non-Mendelian Genetics & Population Transmission questions in AP Biology Biology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Unit 5C: Non-Mendelian Genetics & Population Transmission questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–60 of 100.

**Genetic drift** is:Read the answer and worked solution →In a population, 16% individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Under Hardy-Weinberg, the frequency of the dominant allele A is:Read the answer and worked solution →Which of the following is **not** a force that changes allele frequencies (causing evolution)?Read the answer and worked solution →Weismann's experiment of cutting rat tails for 21 generations disproved the theory of:Read the answer and worked solution →**Ribozymes** are:Read the answer and worked solution →In the Watson-Crick model, the two polynucleotide strands of DNA are:Read the answer and worked solution →The pitch of the DNA double helix is approximately:Read the answer and worked solution →Two adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain are joined by:Read the answer and worked solution →Histones are positively charged because they are rich in:Read the answer and worked solution →A typical nucleosome contains approximately how many base pairs of DNA?Read the answer and worked solution →Heterochromatin (densely packed, dark-staining chromatin) is:Read the answer and worked solution →In E. coli (~4.6 × 10⁶ bp), DNA replication is completed in approximately 18 minutes, giving an average rate of:Read the answer and worked solution →The enzyme that joins the discontinuous Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand is:Read the answer and worked solution →Replication does not initiate randomly along a DNA molecule; it starts at:Read the answer and worked solution →The central dogma of molecular biology (Francis Crick) states:Read the answer and worked solution →A transcription unit in DNA has three parts:Read the answer and worked solution →In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes:Read the answer and worked solution →Of the 64 possible codons in the genetic code:Read the answer and worked solution →The genetic code is described as 'degenerate' because:Read the answer and worked solution →The genetic code was deciphered largely through the work of:Read the answer and worked solution →The site of protein synthesis (translation) is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The bond formed between two amino acids during translation is a:Read the answer and worked solution →During translation, the activation of an amino acid and its linkage to its cognate tRNA is called:Read the answer and worked solution →The lac operon (Jacob & Monod) consists of which structural genes?Read the answer and worked solution →The lac operon is regulated by the lac repressor binding to the:Read the answer and worked solution →According to HGP findings, what percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?Read the answer and worked solution →In eukaryotes, exons are:Read the answer and worked solution →Approximately how many genes does the human genome contain (per HGP)?Read the answer and worked solution →Pleiotropy refers to:Read the answer and worked solution →4 O'clock plant flower color shows incomplete dominance: RR (red) × rr (white) → Rr (pink). F2 phenotypic ratio (Rr × Rr):Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

**Genetic drift** is:

  1. Movement of genes due to natural selection
  2. Random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population, especially significant in small populations
  3. Mutation rate in germ cells
  4. Migration of populations
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Correct answer: B. Random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population, especially significant in small populations

Genetic drift is random (non-selective) change in allele frequency due to sampling variance — especially powerful in small populations. The 'Sewall Wright effect'. Can cause alleles to be fixed or lost purely by chance.

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In a population, 16% individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Under Hardy-Weinberg, the frequency of the dominant allele A is:

  1. 0.16
  2. 0.40
  3. 0.60
  4. 0.84
Show answer and solution

Correct answer: C. 0.60

$q^2 = 0.16 \Rightarrow q = 0.40$. **So $p = 1 - q = 0.60$.**

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Which of the following is **not** a force that changes allele frequencies (causing evolution)?

  1. Mutation
  2. Natural selection
  3. Genetic drift
  4. Random mating in a large population
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Correct answer: D. Random mating in a large population

Random mating in a large population (one of Hardy-Weinberg's assumptions) does NOT change allele frequencies. Mutation introduces new alleles selection favours some over others drift randomly fluctuates them gene flow exchanges them. Random mating only redistributes existing alleles among genotypes.

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