AP Biology Cell Communication — practice questions
44 free MCQs with worked solutions. Tap any question for the answer + explanation, or practice them all in the app.
Practice AP Biology Cell Communication in the app →Communication that happens between two separate cells, rather than inside a single cell, is described by whichA signaling cell releases a small molecule that binds a specific protein on a target cell and delivers a signaWhich four categories make up chemical signaling in multicellular organisms?Paracrine signals act locally between nearby cells. By what mechanism do these ligands move from the signalingParacrine ligand molecules are normally degraded by enzymes or removed by neighboring cells soon after releaseAt a chemical synapse between two nerve cells, the presynaptic cell releases chemical ligands that carry the sEndocrine signals travel from endocrine cells to distant target cells. Compared with paracrine signals, what iHormones are diluted during transport and end up in low concentrations when they act on target cells. Which feIn autocrine signaling, a signaling cell releases a ligand and is itself affected by that same ligand. What isGap junctions in animals and plasmodesmata in plants are water-filled channels connecting neighboring cells. WInternal receptors are located in the cytoplasm and respond to ligands that can cross the plasma membrane unasPut the events of internal receptor signaling in the correct order after a hydrophobic ligand enters the cell.Cell-surface receptors span the plasma membrane and bind ligands outside the cell. What is true of the ligand A cell-surface receptor has three main structural regions. Which set correctly names them?Cell-surface receptors fall into three general categories. Which list matches those categories?When a ligand binds an ion channel-linked receptor, what change occurs that allows ions to pass through the meAll G-protein-linked receptors share one structural feature even though their extracellular domains and G-protPlace the events of the G-protein signaling cycle in the correct order, starting from the inactive state.The bacterium that causes cholera, Vibrio cholerae, produces a toxin that alters a G-protein in intestinal celEnzyme-linked receptors have a membrane-spanning region built from a single structural element. What is that eOrder the events of tyrosine kinase receptor activation after a signaling molecule is released.HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is permanently activated in a large share of human breast cancers. RouSteroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone are built on a shared hydrocarbon skeleton. How is that skHydrophobic hormones such as steroids must be carried through the blood in a special way to reach their targetNitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling ligand with an unusual property compared to protein ligands. What is thaNitroglycerin is used as a treatment for heart disease. How does it work?Signal transduction, the propagation of a signal through the cytoplasm after receptor binding, only occurs witIn a signaling cascade, events are described relative to a certain point in the pathway. What are the events tPhosphorylation is one of the most common chemical modifications in signaling pathways. Which amino acid residWhat is the typical effect of phosphorylating serine and threonine residues, and what does phosphorylating tyrA small, non-protein molecule spreads a signal through the cytoplasm after a receptor has already been activatWhen calcium acts as a second messenger, its effect depends on the cell type. What happens in the beta-cells oCyclic AMP (cAMP) is synthesized from ATP by a specific enzyme and then activates a specific kinase. Name bothThe enzyme phospholipase C cleaves PIP2 into two separate second messengers. What happens to each of these twoThe inhibitor protein Ikappa-B normally keeps the transcription factor NF-kappa-B out of the nucleus. What eveAdrenaline raises cAMP inside muscle cells, which activates PKA. PKA then phosphorylates two enzymes involved Most growth factors bind to cell-surface receptors linked to tyrosine kinases, called receptor tyrosine kinaseApoptosis is described as a controlled process that a cell can trigger under certain conditions. What key advaDuring T-cell development, immature T cells are screened to see whether they bind to the body's own self proteSeveral enzymes reverse the modifications made during a signaling cascade to terminate the signal. Which enzymCyclic AMP signaling is terminated when cAMP is broken down into AMP. Which enzyme carries out this degradatioBudding yeasts use a secreted signaling molecule to find another haploid yeast cell ready to mate. What is thiBacterial signaling that depends on the population density of bacteria in the environment is given a specific Bacteria use two broad types of autoinducers during quorum sensing that act through different mechanisms. How