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Most growth factors bind to cell-surface receptors linked to tyrosine kinases, called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Which G-protein does RTK activation initiate to eventually stimulate cell division?
AThe G-protein RAS
BThe kinase ERK
CThe kinase PKC
DThe protein cyclin B
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. The G-protein RAS
1. Growth factors are ligands that bind cell-surface receptors called receptor tyrosine kinases, or RTKs.
2. Activation of RTKs initiates a pathway that includes a G-protein called RAS.
3. RAS activates the MAP kinase pathway, which stimulates expression of proteins that initiate cell division.
4. NF-kappa-B, Iota kappa B, and cyclin B are all discussed elsewhere in the chapters as separate molecules, not as the G-protein activated by RTKs.
_Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 9 "Cell Communication", section 9.3 | Response to the Signal_
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