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M.Sc Nursing Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance — practice questions

Explore 40 free Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance questions in M.Sc Nursing Physiology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance questions and exercises with answers

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In a newborn infant, water makes up approximately what percentage of body mass, according to OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology?Read the answer and worked solution →Which body organ has the lowest percentage of water content?Read the answer and worked solution →Of all the water in the human body, approximately what fraction is intracellular fluid (ICF)?Read the answer and worked solution →What fraction of total body water does the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment account for?Read the answer and worked solution →The sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes is powered directly by:Read the answer and worked solution →The specialized water channels that allow water to cross cell membranes efficiently are called:Read the answer and worked solution →Glucose moving into cells via glucose transporters is an example of facilitated transport, which:Read the answer and worked solution →On a typical day, how much aqueous fluid does the average adult take in?Read the answer and worked solution →Water lost through skin evaporation and exhaled breath, of which a person is normally unaware, is termed:Read the answer and worked solution →Osmoreceptors, which monitor blood solute concentration and trigger the thirst response, are located in the:Read the answer and worked solution →What is the average volume of urine a person produces per day?Read the answer and worked solution →Below what approximate daily urine volume does the body fail to adequately clear metabolic wastes?Read the answer and worked solution →After drinking a large quantity of fluid, diuresis (excess urine production) typically begins after approximately:Read the answer and worked solution →Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also known by which other name?Read the answer and worked solution →Alcohol has a diuretic effect on the body primarily because it:Read the answer and worked solution →Which of the following is one of the six electrolytes identified as most important to body function?Read the answer and worked solution →Among the six major plasma electrolytes, which one is NOT normally excreted in urine but instead conserved by the kidneys?Read the answer and worked solution →A typical Western diet provides roughly how many times more sodium than the minimum the body actually requires per day?Read the answer and worked solution →Hyponatremia (lower-than-normal blood sodium) is usually associated with:Read the answer and worked solution →What is the recommended daily intake of potassium in adults?Read the answer and worked solution →Which ion is described as the predominant anion of the extracellular fluid?Read the answer and worked solution →In people with cystic fibrosis, sweat chloride levels are elevated to approximately what multiple of normal?Read the answer and worked solution →What percentage of CO2 produced by metabolism is converted into bicarbonate ions in the blood?Read the answer and worked solution →Approximately what percentage of the body's phosphate is bound up in bone and teeth?Read the answer and worked solution →How quickly can the chemical buffers in the blood adjust pH?Read the answer and worked solution →Compared to the immediate action of chemical buffers, renal regulation of blood pH through hydrogen ion excretion and bicarbonate conservation takes:Read the answer and worked solution →What proportion of the blood's total buffering power is accounted for by protein buffers?Read the answer and worked solution →At a normal blood pH, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in the blood?Read the answer and worked solution →Mild respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation can be remedied by:Read the answer and worked solution →Doubling the respiratory rate for under a minute, by removing extra CO2, would increase blood pH by approximately:Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

In a newborn infant, water makes up approximately what percentage of body mass, according to OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology?

  1. 75 percent
  2. 45 percent
  3. 50-60 percent
  4. 85 percent
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Correct answer: A. 75 percent

1. Body water content changes across the lifespan as the proportion of muscle, fat and bone changes. 2. Infants have the highest body water fraction of any age group. 3. Infant body water is about 75 percent of body mass, falling to 50-60 percent in adults and as low as 45 percent in old age. 4. So 75 percent is the correct figure for infants. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", p.1248 §Body Water Content_

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Which body organ has the lowest percentage of water content?

  1. Brain
  2. Teeth
  3. Kidneys
  4. Skin
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Correct answer: B. Teeth

1. Water content varies widely by organ and tissue type. 2. The brain and kidneys have the highest water content, at 80-85 percent of their mass. 3. Teeth are mineralised, dense structures with very little free water. 4. Teeth at only 8-10 percent water, the lowest of any tissue listed. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", p.1248 §Body Water Content_

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Of all the water in the human body, approximately what fraction is intracellular fluid (ICF)?

  1. 20 percent
  2. 33 percent
  3. 60 percent
  4. 80 percent
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Correct answer: C. 60 percent

1. Total body water is divided between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) compartments. 2. The ICF is the larger of the two compartments. 3. The ICF as about 60 percent of total body water, roughly 25 litres in an average adult male. 4. 33 percent is closer to the ECF share, and 20/80 percent do not match either compartment, so they are ruled out. 5. Therefore 60 percent is correct. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", p.1250 §Intracellular Fluid_

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