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M.Sc Nursing Development and Inheritance — practice questions

Explore 36 free Development and Inheritance questions in M.Sc Nursing Physiology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Development and Inheritance questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–30 of 36.

An ovulated oocyte, once released, can survive independently for approximately how long before it must be fertilized?Read the answer and worked solution →The two protective layers surrounding an ovulated secondary oocyte are the zona pellucida and the:Read the answer and worked solution →The sperm structure that releases digestive enzymes upon contact with the zona pellucida, clearing a path to the oocyte, undergoes the:Read the answer and worked solution →Polyspermy, or fertilization by more than one sperm, is dangerous because it would create a zygote with how many sets of chromosomes?Read the answer and worked solution →The near-instantaneous depolarization of the oocyte membrane that prevents additional sperm from fusing, lasting about a minute, is called the:Read the answer and worked solution →Monozygotic (identical) twins most commonly form when a zygote splits during the early:Read the answer and worked solution →In a standard IVF protocol, the ideal ratio of sperm to egg mixed together in the petri dish is approximately:Read the answer and worked solution →The pre-embryonic 16-cell solid ball of cells that reaches the uterus approximately 3 days after fertilization is called the:Read the answer and worked solution →Within the blastocyst, the outer shell of cells that will develop into the chorionic sac and fetal portion of the placenta is called the:Read the answer and worked solution →What percentage of blastocysts fail to implant in the uterine wall?Read the answer and worked solution →A condition in which the placenta grows over the opening of the cervix, occurring in about 0.5 percent of pregnancies, is called:Read the answer and worked solution →The extra-embryonic membrane that fills with fluid and surrounds the embryo, protecting it from trauma and rapid temperature changes, is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The three-layered embryonic disc (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) forms from the two-layered disc through a process called:Read the answer and worked solution →The finger-like projections of the chorionic membrane that burrow into the endometrium and make up the fetal portion of the placenta are called:Read the answer and worked solution →Amino acids and iron, for which the fetus has high demand, cross the placenta primarily by which mechanism?Read the answer and worked solution →A maternal deficiency of which B vitamin in early pregnancy is linked to neural tube defects such as spina bifida?Read the answer and worked solution →The fetal circulatory shunt that allows oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to largely bypass the immature liver is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The fetal shunt that directly connects the right and left atria, allowing blood to bypass the nonfunctional lungs, is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The waxy, protective substance secreted by fetal sebaceous glands that coats and moisturizes the skin is called:Read the answer and worked solution →Inadequate production of which substance in premature newborns' lungs can lead to respiratory distress syndrome?Read the answer and worked solution →A full-term pregnancy, timed from conception, lasts approximately how many days?Read the answer and worked solution →By the time of childbirth, maternal blood volume typically exceeds its preconception volume by approximately what percentage?Read the answer and worked solution →Braxton Hicks contractions, also known as false labor, occur as a result of:Read the answer and worked solution →The posterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the strong uterine contractions of true labor, in a positive feedback loop with prostaglandins, is:Read the answer and worked solution →For vaginal birth to occur, the cervix must dilate fully to what diameter?Read the answer and worked solution →The final stage of childbirth, involving delivery of the placenta and associated membranes, is commonly referred to as the:Read the answer and worked solution →The postpartum vaginal discharge that is thick and dark red for the first 2-3 days after birth is called:Read the answer and worked solution →After birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts due to rising oxygen levels and eventually becomes the:Read the answer and worked solution →Within a single breastfeeding session, the fat-rich milk delivered toward the end of the feeding, which satisfies the infant's appetite, is called:Read the answer and worked solution →A high level of circulating bilirubin in a newborn, called hyperbilirubinemia, is commonly treated with:Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

An ovulated oocyte, once released, can survive independently for approximately how long before it must be fertilized?

  1. 1 hour
  2. 3 to 5 days
  3. 72 hours
  4. 24 hours
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Correct answer: D. 24 hours

1. Unlike sperm, which can survive several days in the female reproductive tract, the oocyte has a shorter viable window. 2. The oocyte survival window is fixed and short. 3. That window is approximately 24 hours after ovulation. 4. This is why intercourse more than a day after ovulation usually will not result in fertilization. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 28 "Development and Inheritance", p.1320 §Transit of Sperm_

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The two protective layers surrounding an ovulated secondary oocyte are the zona pellucida and the:

  1. Blood-testis barrier
  2. Corona radiata
  3. Fertilization membrane
  4. Tunica albuginea
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Correct answer: B. Corona radiata

1. The secondary oocyte does not float freely and unprotected; it carries two protective layers from the ovary. 2. The outer of these two layers is made of follicular (granulosa) cells. 3. This outer layer is called the corona radiata. 4. Beneath it lies the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein membrane, together forming the barrier sperm must penetrate. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 28 "Development and Inheritance", p.1320 §Contact Between Sperm and Oocyte_

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The sperm structure that releases digestive enzymes upon contact with the zona pellucida, clearing a path to the oocyte, undergoes the:

  1. Cortical reaction
  2. Fast block
  3. Acrosomal reaction
  4. Capacitation reaction
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Correct answer: C. Acrosomal reaction

1. After capacitation, a sperm still must physically breach the corona radiata and zona pellucida. 2. Upon binding to zona pellucida receptors, a specific enzyme-releasing event is triggered in the sperm's cap structure. 3. This event is called the acrosomal reaction. 4. This is distinct from the cortical reaction, which is the oocyte's own block against polyspermy, so that option is ruled out. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 28 "Development and Inheritance", p.1320-1321 §Contact Between Sperm and Oocyte_

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