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For inverting amplifier (R_in to inv input, R_f feedback): voltage gain:
A-R_f/R_in (negative sign — inverts)
B+R_f/R_in
CR_in/R_f
DJust R_f
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. -R_f/R_in (negative sign — inverts)
Inverting: V- = V+ = 0 (virtual ground). I = V_in/R_in into virtual ground. Same I flows through R_f. V_out = -I × R_f = -V_in (R_f/R_in). Gain: -R_f/R_in. Inverts and amplifies.
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