VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) for matched load (R_L = Z_0):
A0
B∞
C1.0 (no standing wave; all power absorbed by load)
D2
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. 1.0 (no standing wave; all power absorbed by load)
VSWR = V_max/V_min.
**Matched:** VSWR = 1 (ideal).
**Open or short:** VSWR = ∞.
Higher VSWR → more reflection, less transferred power, possible damage to transmitter.
Reflection coefficient Γ: |Γ| = (VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1).
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