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For a metallic rod heated through ΔT with Y and α (thermal expansion) and rigidly held:
AStress = αT
BStress = 0
CIndependent of α
DStress = Y × α × ΔT (thermal stress)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Stress = Y × α × ΔT (thermal stress)
Constrained: thermal expansion ΔL/L = α ΔT must equal compressive strain. Stress = Y × α × ΔT. Causes rails to buckle in summer if no gaps; relief joints in bridges.
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