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SCFHS Nursing Licensing Exam Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance — practice questions

Explore 34 free Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance questions in SCFHS Nursing Licensing Exam Anatomy & Physiology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–30 of 34.

What share of the total water in the human body sits inside cells as intracellular fluid?Read the answer and worked solution →The extracellular fluid accounts for what share of the water content of the body?Read the answer and worked solution →Water makes up about what percentage of body mass in infants?Read the answer and worked solution →On a typical day, about how much aqueous fluid does an average adult take in?Read the answer and worked solution →Water lost by evaporation from the skin surface and in air breathed out is given which name?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the average volume of urine a person produces in a day?Read the answer and worked solution →Antidiuretic hormone controls the amount of water reabsorbed from which part of the kidney?Read the answer and worked solution →Which group names three of the six electrolytes most important to body function?Read the answer and worked solution →Which ion is the predominant anion of the extracellular fluid?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the normal range of arterial blood pH?Read the answer and worked solution →Which set of solutes is present at elevated concentrations inside cells rather than in plasma?Read the answer and worked solution →At which point along a capillary does fluid re-enter the vessel because osmotic pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure?Read the answer and worked solution →Which receptors monitor the solute concentration of the blood and start the thirst response?Read the answer and worked solution →Binding of antidiuretic hormone to collecting tubule cells produces which change in those cells?Read the answer and worked solution →By which mechanism does alcohol act as a diuretic?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the reference range for sodium in blood plasma?Read the answer and worked solution →In which cells does carbonic anhydrase convert carbon dioxide into bicarbonate?Read the answer and worked solution →Which change triggers the release of aldosterone?Read the answer and worked solution →Calcitonin is released from which gland, and in response to what?Read the answer and worked solution →At normal blood pH, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in the blood?Read the answer and worked solution →How quickly do the chemical buffers in the blood adjust pH?Read the answer and worked solution →Metabolic acidosis is described as a primary deficiency of which substance?Read the answer and worked solution →Hyperventilation produces respiratory alkalosis by causing which change in the blood?Read the answer and worked solution →In chronic and severe liver disease, which change is the mechanism that produces edema?Read the answer and worked solution →Below what daily urine volume can metabolic wastes no longer be removed effectively?Read the answer and worked solution →At the cellular level, what happens when the blood sodium concentration falls below normal?Read the answer and worked solution →Excess potassium in the extracellular fluid has which effect on excitable membranes?Read the answer and worked solution →Protein buffering accounts for what share of the buffering power of the blood?Read the answer and worked solution →Which laboratory pattern fits metabolic alkalosis once compensation is under way?Read the answer and worked solution →Send each ion to its compartmentRead the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

What share of the total water in the human body sits inside cells as intracellular fluid?

  1. About 60 percent of total body water
  2. About 20 percent of total body water
  3. About 45 percent of total body water
  4. About 80 percent of total body water
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Correct answer: A. About 60 percent of total body water

1. Body water is split between the fluid inside cells and the fluid outside them. 2. The intracellular fluid makes up about 60 percent of the total water in the body. 3. Everything outside cells, plasma plus interstitial fluid, holds the remaining share. 4. Twenty percent is the plasma share of extracellular fluid, not the intracellular share. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", section Intracellular Fluid_

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The extracellular fluid accounts for what share of the water content of the body?

  1. One quarter of body water
  2. One third of body water
  3. One half of body water
  4. One fifth of body water
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Correct answer: B. One third of body water

1. Extracellular fluid is every drop of body water that is not enclosed inside a cell. 2. It accounts for one third of the water content of the body. 3. The remaining two thirds is intracellular fluid, held in the cytosol of cells. 4. One half would leave too little for the cells, which hold the larger share. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", section Extracellular Fluid_

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Water makes up about what percentage of body mass in infants?

  1. About 55 percent
  2. About 45 percent
  3. About 75 percent
  4. About 90 percent
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Correct answer: C. About 75 percent

1. The proportion of the body made of water falls steadily from birth to old age. 2. In infants that proportion is about 75 percent of body mass. 3. Adult men and women sit lower, and old age drops lower still. 4. This high starting water fraction is why infants dehydrate dangerously fast. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", section 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments_

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