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Which laboratory pattern fits metabolic alkalosis once compensation is under way?
AHigh pH, high pCO2, high bicarbonate
BHigh pH, low pCO2, low bicarbonate
CLow pH, high pCO2, high bicarbonate
DLow pH, low pCO2, low bicarbonate
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. High pH, high pCO2, high bicarbonate
1. Three values classify the disorder, namely pH, pCO2 and total bicarbonate.
2. Alkalosis of any kind means a pH above the normal range, so pH is high.
3. The metabolic form is a primary bicarbonate excess, so bicarbonate is high.
4. pCO2 starts normal because the lungs are not the problem.
5. Respiratory compensation then slows breathing to conserve carbon dioxide, so pCO2 rises.
6. High pH with high pCO2 and high bicarbonate is therefore the compensated picture.
7. A low pH would place the patient in acidosis instead, which rules out both low pH options.
8. Low bicarbonate with high pH belongs to respiratory alkalosis after renal compensation.
_Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 26 "Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance", section Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis_
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