allerySpectrochemical series ranks ligands by CFSE strength. Order (low to high):
AI⁻ < Br⁻ < Cl⁻ < F⁻ < H₂O < NH₃ < en < CN⁻ < CO
BRandom
CMass-based
DCN⁻ < CO < H₂O
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. I⁻ < Br⁻ < Cl⁻ < F⁻ < H₂O < NH₃ < en < CN⁻ < CO
Strong-field ligands (large Δ): CN⁻, CO, NO₂⁻.
Weak-field ligands (small Δ): I⁻, Br⁻, Cl⁻, F⁻.
Affects whether complex is high-spin (small Δ) or low-spin (large Δ).
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