alleryStandard Gibbs free energy and cell EMF relation:
AΔG° = F/E
BΔG° = -nFE° (negative for spontaneous when E° > 0)
CΔG° = nFE°
DΔG° = E°/n
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. ΔG° = -nFE° (negative for spontaneous when E° > 0)
ΔG° = -nFE°.
**Spontaneous reactions:** E° > 0
⟹ ΔG° < 0. Connects thermodynamics to electrochemistry: maximum useful electrical work = -ΔG.
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