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Under Article 12 of the Constitution, 'the State' includes
AThe Government and Parliament of India, the Government and Legislature of each State, and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India
BOnly the executive at the Union level
COnly the Supreme Court
DOnly the Union Government
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. The Government and Parliament of India, the Government and Legislature of each State, and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India
Article 12 has four limbs: (i) Government and Parliament of India, (ii) Government and Legislature of each State, (iii) all local authorities, (iv) other authorities. The 'other authorities' limb has been judicially expanded (Ajay Hasia, Pradeep Kumar Biswas, Zee Telefilms).
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