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Article 311(2) provides that a civil servant cannot be dismissed, removed or reduced in rank without
AAn inquiry in which he is informed of the charges and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard, subject to specified exceptions where holding such inquiry is not reasonably practicable, or on grounds of security of State, or on conviction for a criminal charge
BApproval of the Chief Justice of India
CDirection by the President alone
DWithout any inquiry at all
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. An inquiry in which he is informed of the charges and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard, subject to specified exceptions where holding such inquiry is not reasonably practicable, or on grounds of security of State, or on conviction for a criminal charge
Article 311(2) provides the procedural safeguard. The three provisos to clause (2) carve out limited exceptions where the inquiry can be dispensed with — these exceptions are themselves subject to judicial scrutiny.
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