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Which decision laid down that Article 21's 'procedure established by law' must be just, fair and reasonable — overruling A K Gopalan's restrictive reading?
AADM Jabalpur
BManeka Gandhi v Union of India (1978)
CBandhua Mukti Morcha
DVishaka v State of Rajasthan
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Maneka Gandhi v Union of India (1978)
Maneka Gandhi (1978, 7-judge bench) established the 'golden triangle' — Articles 14, 19 and 21 must be read together. Any procedure under Article 21 must satisfy Article 14 (non-arbitrariness) and Article 19 (proportionality). Gopalan's compartmentalised reading was rejected.
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