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NEET UG Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — practice questions

Explore 84 free Biotechnology: Principles and Processes questions in NEET UG Biology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–30 of 84.

To isolate DNA from bacterial cells, the cell wall is digested by:Read the answer and worked solution →After repeated PCR cycles, the gene of interest can be amplified to approximately:Read the answer and worked solution →The first construction of a recombinant DNA molecule (1972) was achieved byRead the answer and worked solution →The role of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology is toRead the answer and worked solution →A restriction enzyme cutting 5'-G|AATTC-3' leaves overhangs consisting ofRead the answer and worked solution →Order one PCR cycleRead the answer and worked solution →Order the recombinant DNA runRead the answer and worked solution →Mark the tool each clue namesRead the answer and worked solution →Catch the DNA delivery routesRead the answer and worked solution →Merge the enzymes and the vectorsRead the answer and worked solution →Split the vessel from the finishRead the answer and worked solution →Tap the wrong word in each claimRead the answer and worked solution →Complete the gel run ruleRead the answer and worked solution →Which two techniques gave birth to modern biotechnology?Read the answer and worked solution →Bioprocess engineering mainly requires which condition?Read the answer and worked solution →Cohen and Boyer's first recombinant DNA used a native plasmid of which bacterium?Read the answer and worked solution →In which year did Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer build the first recombinant DNA molecule?Read the answer and worked solution →Which description best fits a plasmid?Read the answer and worked solution →Which specific DNA sequence in a chromosome is responsible for initiating replication?Read the answer and worked solution →In which year were the two enzymes restricting phage growth in E. coli isolated?Read the answer and worked solution →The recognition sequence of Hind II is made of how many base pairs?Read the answer and worked solution →In the enzyme name EcoRI, the capital letter E comes from which part of the source organism's name?Read the answer and worked solution →What do Roman numerals in a restriction enzyme name show?Read the answer and worked solution →Which nucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of a DNA molecule?Read the answer and worked solution →Restriction enzymes cut each DNA strand in which part?Read the answer and worked solution →What kind of nucleotide sequence does each restriction endonuclease recognise?Read the answer and worked solution →Cutting a little away from the centre of a palindrome leaves what at each end?Read the answer and worked solution →Why are restriction enzyme overhangs called sticky ends?Read the answer and worked solution →Vector and source DNA are normally cut with what?Read the answer and worked solution →Which technique separates DNA fragments produced by restriction digestion?Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

To isolate DNA from bacterial cells, the cell wall is digested by:

  1. Lysozyme
  2. Trypsin
  3. Chitinase
  4. Cellulase
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Correct answer: A. Lysozyme

**Cell-wall digesting enzymes**: **Lysozyme** for bacteria, **cellulase** for plants, **chitinase** for fungi. After cell lysis, **proteins → protease**; **RNA → ribonuclease**. Finally, DNA precipitates with **chilled ethanol** as a spool of fine threads.

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After repeated PCR cycles, the gene of interest can be amplified to approximately:

  1. ~100 copies
  2. ~10⁶ copies
  3. ~10²⁰ copies
  4. ~10⁹ copies (1 billion) in ~30 cycles
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Correct answer: D. ~10⁹ copies (1 billion) in ~30 cycles

Each cycle doubles the target → **2ⁿ copies after n cycles**. After ~30 cycles: ~2³⁰ ≈ **10⁹ (~1 billion) copies** — enough to clone, sequence, or use directly. Your syllabus explicitly states this.

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The first construction of a recombinant DNA molecule (1972) was achieved by

  1. Watson and Crick
  2. Cohen and Boyer
  3. Mendel and Morgan
  4. Griffith and Avery
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Correct answer: B. Cohen and Boyer

1. syllabus credits the first recombinant DNA to Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1972. 2. They isolated an antibiotic-resistance gene from a plasmid. 3. Linked it with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium. 4. Transferred it into E. coli, where it replicated using the host's DNA polymerase. _Source: syllabus Biology, Ch 9 "Biotechnology: Principles and Processes", §9.1_

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