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M.Sc Biochemistry Atomic Structure and Valency — practice questions — page 2

Explore 49 free Atomic Structure and Valency questions in M.Sc Biochemistry Chemistry. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Atomic Structure and Valency questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–49 of 49.

Hund's rule applies during the filling ofRead the answer and worked solution →The Aufbau principle dictates that orbitals fill in order of increasingRead the answer and worked solution →Which of the following orbital shapes is dumbbell-shaped along an axis?Read the answer and worked solution →How many *angular* nodes does a $3d$ orbital have?Read the answer and worked solution →The number of *radial* nodes in a $4s$ orbital isRead the answer and worked solution →The ionisation energy of hydrogen in its ground state isRead the answer and worked solution →For $He^+$, the ionisation energy from its ground state isRead the answer and worked solution →Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits the largest amount of energy?Read the answer and worked solution →Which of the following experimental phenomena could **NOT** be explained by classical EM wave theory?Read the answer and worked solution →The Bohr model failed to explainRead the answer and worked solution →In the photoelectric effect, the *stopping potential* $V_0$ varies with the frequency of incident light asRead the answer and worked solution →Which of the following is **NOT** a possible set of quantum numbers for a 3d electron?Read the answer and worked solution →The total number of electrons that can fit in the $M$ shell ($n=3$) isRead the answer and worked solution →The Bohr radius for hydrogen ($n=1, Z=1$) is approximatelyRead the answer and worked solution →The proton was discovered through experiments involvingRead the answer and worked solution →The neutron was discovered byRead the answer and worked solution →In Thomson's atomic model (plum-pudding), the atom isRead the answer and worked solution →The Bohr orbit velocity of the ground-state electron in hydrogen is aboutRead the answer and worked solution →The Rydberg constant for hydrogen, in SI units, isRead the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

Hund's rule applies during the filling of

  1. subshells of decreasing energy
  2. different shells in order of increasing $n$
  3. outermost shell only
  4. a single subshell with degenerate orbitals (singly first, then pair)
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Correct answer: D. a single subshell with degenerate orbitals (singly first, then pair)

Within a degenerate set (e.g., the three 2p orbitals), electrons occupy orbitals singly with parallel spins before pairing — minimises electron–electron repulsion. The half-filled-stability of N ($2p^3$) is a Hund's rule consequence.

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The Aufbau principle dictates that orbitals fill in order of increasing

  1. $n \cdot l$
  2. $n$ only
  3. $n + l$ (with lower $n$ first when $n+l$ ties)
  4. $l$ only
Show answer and solution

Correct answer: C. $n + l$ (with lower $n$ first when $n+l$ ties)

$n + l$ rule (Madelung): smaller $n+l$ first ties broken by smaller $n$. **So 4s ($n+l=4$) fills before 3d ($n+l=5$) — explains the d-block 'late' start.**

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Which of the following orbital shapes is dumbbell-shaped along an axis?

  1. d orbital (in general)
  2. f orbital
  3. p orbital
  4. s orbital
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Correct answer: C. p orbital

p orbitals ($p_x, p_y, p_z$) are dumbbell-shaped along their axis with a node at the nucleus. s is spherical; d (except $d_{z^2}$) is four-lobed cloverleaf.

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