Bulk modulus B for fluid relates pressure change to:
ALength change
BVolume strain: B = -ΔP / (ΔV/V)
CNo relation
DArea
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Volume strain: B = -ΔP / (ΔV/V)
B = -V dP/dV (compressibility = 1/B).
High B = hard to compress.
Water B ≈ 2.2 GPa; steel ≈ 160 GPa.
**Negative sign:** V decreases as P increases.
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