CONCEPT OF 'LEGAL CULTURE' in comparative law includes:
Aonly formal law (cf. Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman) (cf. Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman)
BATTITUDES, VALUES, BELIEFS, EXPECTATIONS shared by people in a society about LAW — INTERNAL legal culture (of professionals) and EXTERNAL legal culture (of the public); David Nelken; influences how law operates
Conly judges (cf. Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman) (cf. Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman)
Donly lawyers (cf. Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman) (cf. Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. ATTITUDES, VALUES, BELIEFS, EXPECTATIONS shared by people in a society about LAW — INTERNAL legal culture (of professionals) and EXTERNAL legal culture (of the public); David Nelken; influences how law operates
1. LEGAL CULTURE refers to ATTITUDES, VALUES, BELIEFS, EXPECTATIONS shared by people in a society regarding LAW.
2. KEY THINKERS:
3. (i) Lawrence FRIEDMAN — 'Legal Culture and Social Development' (1969); distinguished:
4. (a) INTERNAL legal culture — of legal professionals (judges, lawyers, scholars);
5. (b) EXTERNAL legal culture — of the public;
6. (ii) David NELKEN — 'Using the Concept of Legal Culture' (2004); critical of essentialist views;
7. (iii) Erhard BLANKENBURG — comparative studies of legal cultures.
8. APPLICATIONS:
9. (i) Why do similar laws produce different results in different countries?
10. (ii) Why do some societies have high litigation rates and others not?
11. (iii) How do legal cultures resist or assimilate transplants?
12. (iv) Influence of religion, history, colonial heritage.
13. INDIA: high pendency (low judicial culture of speed); informal dispute resolution (panchayats); legal literacy gap.
14. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Legal Culture concept; David Nelken 'Comparative Legal Studies' (2010); Lawrence Friedman_
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