RESEARCH PARADIGMS in legal scholarship include:

1. RESEARCH PARADIGMS are foundational worldviews shaping methodology, ontology (nature of reality), epistemology (how we know), axiology (values). 2. MAJOR PARADIGMS: 3. (i) POSITIVIST — objective reality; researcher independent; quantitative methods; generalizable knowledge sought; 4. (ii) INTERPRETIVIST/CONSTRUCTIVIST (Egon Guba and Yvonna Lincoln) — multiple subjective realities; researcher embedded; qualitative methods; understanding (verstehen) sought; 5. (iii) CRITICAL — power inequalities visible; transformative aims; mixed methods; emancipation of marginalised; 6. (iv) PRAGMATIST — what works; mixed methods; practical knowledge; 7. (v) POST-MODERN — questioning all grand narratives; deconstruction. 8. LEGAL RESEARCH spans these paradigms — doctrinal often positivist; CLS, feminist, CRT critical; empirical mixed-methods. 9. Hence option B is correct. _Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Research Paradigms (Kuhn 1962); Egon Guba and Yvonna Lincoln 'Naturalistic Inquiry' (1985)_