AMARTYA SEN's 'CAPABILITY APPROACH' to justice (in 'The Idea of Justice' 2009) emphasises:

1. AMARTYA SEN (Nobel Laureate in Economics 1998), with MARTHA NUSSBAUM, developed the CAPABILITY APPROACH to justice and human development. 2. KEY IDEAS: 3. (i) FOCUS on SUBSTANTIVE FREEDOMS or CAPABILITIES — what people can actually DO and BE; 4. (ii) Critiques formal rights and resources as proxies — what matters is REAL OPPORTUNITY; 5. (iii) Examples of capabilities: bodily health, bodily integrity, senses-imagination-thought, emotions, practical reason, affiliation, other species, play, control over environment; 6. (iv) CRITIQUES Rawls' 'transcendental institutionalism' — Sen advocates COMPARATIVE assessment of actual options; 7. (v) Connects to PUBLIC REASONING and DEMOCRACY as the ground of justice. 8. INFLUENCE: UN Human Development Index, capability-based welfare approaches. 9. Hence option B is correct. _Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Amartya Sen, 'The Idea of Justice' (2009); 'Development as Freedom' (1999); Martha Nussbaum, 'Creating Capabilities' (2011)_