INDIAN SUPREME COURT cases on Article 21 represent an important tradition of:

1. TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM is a concept developed by Karl Klare in 'Legal Culture and Transformative Constitutionalism' (1998) describing the South African Constitution but applicable to India. 2. The Indian Supreme Court has followed a TRANSFORMATIVE approach to constitutional interpretation — extending Article 21 (right to life) to include socio-economic dimensions: 3. (i) LIVELIHOOD — Olga Tellis v BMC (1986); 4. (ii) SHELTER — Shanti Star Builders v Narayan Khimalal Totame (1990); 5. (iii) EDUCATION — Mohini Jain v Karnataka (1992); Unni Krishnan v AP (1993); Article 21A by 86th Amendment 2002; 6. (iv) CLEAN ENVIRONMENT — Subhash Kumar v Bihar (1991); 7. (v) PRIVACY — Puttaswamy (2017); 8. (vi) HEALTH — Bandhua Mukti Morcha (1984); 9. (vii) DIGNITY — Francis Coralie Mullin (1981); 10. (viii) AGAINST CUSTODIAL TORTURE — Sunil Batra (1978), D.K. Basu (1997). 11. India's Article 21 jurisprudence has influenced human rights development globally. 12. Hence option B is correct. _Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Indian Constitutional Jurisprudence; Karl Klare on transformative constitutionalism (1998)_