The CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 1992 (CBD) has THREE principal OBJECTIVES:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B.
1. Article 1 CBD: 'The objectives of this Convention... are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources...'
2. The CBD was adopted at the Rio Earth Summit on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.
3. India ratified the CBD on 18 February 1994 and enacted the Biological Diversity Act 2002 to implement it.
4. Supplemented by: (i) the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 2000 (entered force 2003); (ii) the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing 2010 (entered force 2014).
5. The CBD has 196 Parties — but USA is NOT a Party (signed but not ratified).
6. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: EPA 1986 / Constitution of India / Stockholm/Rio/Paris / Indian SC environmental jurisprudence — Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, Article 1_
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