The WATER (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 establishes the:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A.
1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 created INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK for water pollution control.
2. Section 3 establishes the CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB).
3. Section 4 establishes STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS (SPCBs).
4. Major substantive provisions: Section 24 — prohibition of using stream/well as outlet for trade effluents without consent; Section 25 — restrictions on new outlets; Section 26 — restrictions on existing outlets; Section 32-33 emergency measures.
5. The Act was enacted under Article 252 (consent by States); 12 States passed resolutions enabling Parliament to legislate.
6. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: EPA 1986 / Constitution of India / Stockholm/Rio/Paris / Indian SC environmental jurisprudence — Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Sections 3 and 4_
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