Article 253 Constitution of India was invoked to enact key environmental laws after India ratified the:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B.
1. India was party to the Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment 1972.
2. To give effect to Stockholm obligations, the Indian Parliament invoked Article 253 (legislative power to implement treaties, overriding the Lists in Seventh Schedule).
3. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 — enacted under Article 252 (resolution by States) AND extended via Article 253 (Stockholm obligations).
4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 — Article 253.
5. Environment (Protection) Act 1986 — Article 253 (post-Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984).
6. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: EPA 1986 / Constitution of India / Stockholm/Rio/Paris / Indian SC environmental jurisprudence — Constitution of India, Article 253; Stockholm Declaration 1972; Water/Air/EPA_
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