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Why did many European merchants prefer rural production over urban guild-controlled production?
ARural workers had higher wages
BTowns had no labour
CThe countryside had better factories (typical)
DGuilds in towns enforced production monopolies; rural workers were free to be hired
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Guilds in towns enforced production monopolies; rural workers were free to be hired
1. NCERT explains the urban-rural shift.
2. Town production was controlled by trade guilds — they regulated competition, prices, and entry of new artisans.
3. In the countryside, peasants — looking for additional income — were willing to work for low wages outside guild rules.
_Source: NCERT Class 10 History India and the Contemporary World - II, Ch 4 "The Age of Industrialisation", §Proto-Industrialisation ¶3_
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