Disproportionation occurs when:
AA salt dissolves in water
BThe same element in a single oxidation state simultaneously oxidises and reduces — going to both higher and lower oxidation states. E.g., 3 MnO₄²⁻ + 4H⁺ → 2 MnO₄⁻ + MnO₂ + 2H₂O
CTwo different metals are mixed
DA molecule splits into two identical halves
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. The same element in a single oxidation state simultaneously oxidises and reduces — going to both higher and lower oxidation states. E.g., 3 MnO₄²⁻ + 4H⁺ → 2 MnO₄⁻ + MnO₂ + 2H₂O
**Disproportionation**: same element atoms in one oxidation state become BOTH higher AND lower OS. **Mn(VI) → Mn(VII) + Mn(IV)**. Other examples: Cu⁺ → Cu²⁺ + Cu; ClO⁻ → ClO₃⁻ + Cl⁻.
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