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Among $\mathrm{Sc^{3+}}$, $\mathrm{Ti^{4+}}$, $\mathrm{V^{2+}}$ and $\mathrm{Zn^{2+}}$, which is **coloured** in aqueous solution?
A$\mathrm{Sc^{3+}}$
B$\mathrm{Ti^{4+}}$
C$\mathrm{V^{2+}}$
D$\mathrm{Zn^{2+}}$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. $\mathrm{V^{2+}}$
Colour in transition-metal aquo ions comes from $d$-$d$ transitions, which require partially-filled $d$-orbitals. $\mathrm{Sc^{3+}}$ ($d^0$), $\mathrm{Ti^{4+}}$ ($d^0$) and $\mathrm{Zn^{2+}}$ ($d^{10}$) all have either empty or completely filled d-shells, so they are colourless. $\mathrm{V^{2+}}$ is $d^3$, giving a violet colour in solution.
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