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CBSE Class 11 (Arts) Foundations of Psychology — practice questions — page 2

Explore 92 free Foundations of Psychology questions in CBSE Class 11 (Arts) Psychology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Foundations of Psychology questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–60 of 92.

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that does not initially elicit any response is called:Read the answer and worked solution →Which of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?Read the answer and worked solution →Observational learning, in which we learn by watching and imitating others, was proposed by:Read the answer and worked solution →According to Bandura, the four steps of the modeling process occur in which order?Read the answer and worked solution →Positive reinforcement is best described as:Read the answer and worked solution →A slot machine pays out after an unpredictable number of plays. This is which reinforcement schedule?Read the answer and worked solution →In the Little Albert study, the unconditioned stimulus was:Read the answer and worked solution →After a conditioned response has been extinguished, it reappears following a rest period. This is called:Read the answer and worked solution →Little Albert came to fear a rabbit, a furry coat and a Santa Claus mask after being conditioned to fear a white rat. This illustrates:Read the answer and worked solution →A car beeps until the driver fastens the seatbelt, and the beeping then stops. Fastening the seatbelt is strengthened by:Read the answer and worked solution →A parent takes away a child's favourite toy after the child misbehaves, and the misbehaviour drops. This is:Read the answer and worked solution →A hospital patient may press a button for pain medication, but the pump delivers at most one dose per hour. This is which schedule?Read the answer and worked solution →A child sees her older sister given a time-out for playing with their mother's make-up, and then avoids the make-up herself. This is:Read the answer and worked solution →Which reinforcement schedule is the most productive and the most resistant to extinction?Read the answer and worked solution →How does habituation differ from extinction?Read the answer and worked solution →Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?Read the answer and worked solution →The thalamus acts as a sensory relay for the brain, with which sense being the exception?Read the answer and worked solution →Which structure controls automatic processes such as breathing, blood pressure and heart rate?Read the answer and worked solution →The pituitary gland is often called the master gland because it:Read the answer and worked solution →Insulin and glucagon, the two hormones that regulate blood sugar, are secreted by:Read the answer and worked solution →Which glands sit atop the kidneys and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine?Read the answer and worked solution →A drug that mimics a neurotransmitter at the receptor site and strengthens its effects is called:Read the answer and worked solution →Which limbic structure is described as essential for learning and memory?Read the answer and worked solution →A recessive phenotype such as smooth chin is expressed only when the individual is:Read the answer and worked solution →Match the parts of Pavlov's setupRead the answer and worked solution →Split reinforcement from punishmentRead the answer and worked solution →Flip and match reward schedulesRead the answer and worked solution →Pop the brain's chemical messengersRead the answer and worked solution →Fire a neuron from dendrite to terminalRead the answer and worked solution →Test what each brain region really doesRead the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that does not initially elicit any response is called:

  1. An unconditioned stimulus
  2. A conditioned stimulus
  3. A neutral stimulus
  4. An unconditioned response
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Correct answer: C. A neutral stimulus

1. The four labels in classical conditioning are defined by what a stimulus does before and after training. 2. An unconditioned stimulus already elicits a reflex with no training at all. 3. A neutral stimulus is one that does not initially elicit a response; Pavlov's tone began as exactly this. 4. Once the neutral stimulus has been repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus, the same stimulus is renamed the conditioned stimulus. _Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Learning", §6.2 Classical Conditioning_

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Which of the following is NOT a primary reinforcer?

  1. Food
  2. Water
  3. Sleep
  4. Money
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Correct answer: D. Money

1. A primary reinforcer has innate reinforcing qualities and is not learned. 2. Food, water, sleep, shelter, sex and touch all satisfy needs directly, so all are primary reinforcers. 3. Money has no inherent value and reinforces only because it can be exchanged for other things. 4. Money is therefore a secondary reinforcer; the chapter makes the point that stacks of money on a remote island would reinforce nothing. _Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Learning", §6.3 Operant Conditioning_

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Observational learning, in which we learn by watching and imitating others, was proposed by:

  1. F. Skinner
  2. Albert Bandura
  3. John B. Watson
  4. Edward Thorndike
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Correct answer: B. Albert Bandura

1. Skinner and Watson were strict behaviourists who explained learning through direct consequences and observable stimulus-response links. 2. Thorndike contributed the law of effect, which underpins operant conditioning. 3. Bandura proposed social learning theory, arguing that internal mental states matter and that learning can occur without external reinforcement. 4. Observational learning, learning by watching a model, is therefore Bandura's contribution. _Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Learning", §6.4 Observational Learning (Modeling)_

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