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AP Intermediate 1st Year Chemical Thermodynamics — practice questions — page 2

Explore 46 free Chemical Thermodynamics questions in AP Intermediate 1st Year Chemistry. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Chemical Thermodynamics questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–46 of 46.

In a coordinate (dative) bond, the shared pair of electrons:Read the answer and worked solution →Among the following, the molecule with a zero dipole moment despite polar bonds is:Read the answer and worked solution →At chemical equilibrium in a closed system:Read the answer and worked solution →For the reaction aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD, the equilibrium constant K_c is defined as:Read the answer and worked solution →If for a reaction K_p has units of atm² and Δn = 2, the relation between K_p and K_c is:Read the answer and worked solution →If K_c for a reaction is 4, the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction is:Read the answer and worked solution →For N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, increasing the total pressure shifts the equilibrium:Read the answer and worked solution →Adding an inert gas at constant volume to a gaseous equilibrium:Read the answer and worked solution →For an exothermic reaction at equilibrium, raising the temperature:Read the answer and worked solution →The pH of a 0.01 M HCl solution is:Read the answer and worked solution →K_w (ionic product of water at 25 °C) is:Read the answer and worked solution →A buffer solution is most resistant to pH change when:Read the answer and worked solution →K_sp of a sparingly soluble salt AB at 25 °C is 4 × 10⁻¹⁰. Molar solubility s of AB is:Read the answer and worked solution →Melting is described as spontaneous at 10.00 degrees Celsius because at that temperature:Read the answer and worked solution →At minus 10.00 degrees Celsius the entropy change of the universe for melting is negative, so melting is:Read the answer and worked solution →A process whose enthalpy and entropy changes share the same arithmetic sign will show:Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

In a coordinate (dative) bond, the shared pair of electrons:

  1. Comes equally from both atoms
  2. Comes from a metal cation only
  3. Comes from a noble-gas core
  4. Comes entirely from one atom
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Correct answer: D. Comes entirely from one atom

1. In a coordinate (also called dative) covalent bond, ONE of the two atoms donates both electrons. 2. The other atom has an empty orbital to accept. 3. Example: NH₃ + H⁺ → NH₄⁺; the N lone pair becomes a shared pair with the proton. 4. Once formed, a coordinate bond is INDISTINGUISHABLE from an ordinary covalent bond. _Source: syllabus Chem Ch 4 §4.2 Coordinate Bond_

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Among the following, the molecule with a zero dipole moment despite polar bonds is:

  1. H₂O
  2. NH₃
  3. BF₃
  4. HF
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Correct answer: C. BF₃

1. BF₃ is trigonal planar (sp² B, 0 lone pairs); the three B-F bond dipoles point at 120° to each other and CANCEL. 2. Net dipole moment = 0 despite each B-F bond being polar. 3. H₂O (bent), NH₃ (pyramidal) and HF (diatomic) all have non-zero net dipole moments. _Source: syllabus Chem Ch 4 §4.2 Dipole Moments of Symmetric Molecules_

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At chemical equilibrium in a closed system:

  1. The forward reaction stops
  2. Concentrations are all zero
  3. All reactants become products
  4. Forward and reverse rates are equal
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Correct answer: D. Forward and reverse rates are equal

1. Dynamic equilibrium: forward and reverse reactions both continue, but at the SAME RATE. 2. Macroscopic concentrations therefore stay constant — but the reaction itself isn't 'stopped'. 3. (C) describes a complete (irreversible) reaction; (D) is impossible. _Source: syllabus Chem Ch 7 §7.1 Equilibrium_

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