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AIIMS UG Molecular Basis of Inheritance — practice questions

Explore 23 free Molecular Basis of Inheritance questions in AIIMS UG Biology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–23 of 23.

DNA was first identified as an acidic substance in the nucleus by:Read the answer and worked solution →In the Watson-Crick double helix, adenine pairs with thymine via how many hydrogen bonds?Read the answer and worked solution →In the Watson-Crick model, the two polynucleotide strands of DNA are:Read the answer and worked solution →In E. coli (~4.6 × 10⁶ bp), DNA replication is completed in approximately 18 minutes, giving an average rate of:Read the answer and worked solution →The enzyme that joins the discontinuous Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand is:Read the answer and worked solution →The central dogma of molecular biology (Francis Crick) states:Read the answer and worked solution →In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes:Read the answer and worked solution →Of the 64 possible codons in the genetic code:Read the answer and worked solution →The genetic code was deciphered largely through the work of:Read the answer and worked solution →The site of protein synthesis (translation) is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The bond formed between two amino acids during translation is a:Read the answer and worked solution →According to HGP findings, what percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?Read the answer and worked solution →In eukaryotes, exons are:Read the answer and worked solution →In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with thymine throughRead the answer and worked solution →The Hershey-Chase experiment used radioactive isotopes to labelRead the answer and worked solution →The central dogma of molecular biology states the flow of information asRead the answer and worked solution →If the pitch of the DNA helix is 3.4 nm and there are 10 base pairs per turn, the rise per base pair is:Read the answer and worked solution →E. coli completes replication of its 4.6 x 10^6 bp genome in 18 minutes. The average polymerisation rate is closest to:Read the answer and worked solution →In a transcription unit, the strand that has the polarity 3' to 5' and is used by RNA polymerase to direct RNA synthesis is called the:Read the answer and worked solution →A double-stranded DNA contains 20% cytosine. What percentage of adenine is present?Read the answer and worked solution →DNA or RNA?Read the answer and worked solution →Order the flow of genetic informationRead the answer and worked solution →Naming the processesRead the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

DNA was first identified as an acidic substance in the nucleus by:

  1. Watson and Crick (1953)
  2. Erwin Chargaff
  3. Hershey and Chase (1952)
  4. Friedrich Meischer (1869) — named it 'Nuclein'
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Correct answer: D. Friedrich Meischer (1869) — named it 'Nuclein'

**Friedrich Meischer** isolated DNA from pus cells in 1869 and named the acidic substance **'Nuclein'**. The structure took another 80+ years to elucidate (Watson-Crick, 1953).

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In the Watson-Crick double helix, adenine pairs with thymine via how many hydrogen bonds?

  1. 3
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 4
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Correct answer: C. 2

**A=T → 2 H-bonds**. **G≡C → 3 H-bonds**. GC-rich DNA is more thermostable than AT-rich because of the stronger G-C pairing.

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In the Watson-Crick model, the two polynucleotide strands of DNA are:

  1. Perpendicular
  2. Anti-parallel (one 5′→3′, the other 3′→5′)
  3. Parallel (both 5′→3′ in the same direction)
  4. Random in orientation
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Correct answer: B. Anti-parallel (one 5′→3′, the other 3′→5′)

**Anti-parallel** strands: one runs 5′→3′, the other 3′→5′. This is essential for base pairing and for the directionality of replication.

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