A mutation silences the DNA sections that encode ribosomal RNA. Which activity fails first?
ABreakdown of fats in peroxisomes
BAssembly of ribosomal subunits
CTransport of water through pores
DFormation of new plasma membrane
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Assembly of ribosomal subunits
1. The nucleus directs the synthesis of ribosomes.
2. It does so because some chromosomes carry sections of DNA that encode ribosomal RNA.
3. That ribosomal RNA is aggregated with associated proteins in the nucleolus.
4. Silencing the encoding DNA removes the ribosomal RNA supply.
5. Without ribosomal RNA the nucleolus cannot assemble the ribosomal subunits, so subunit assembly is the first casualty.
6. Peroxisomal fat breakdown depends on peroxisomal enzymes already present, so it is not the immediate failure.
7. Water movement through nuclear pores and membrane formation are unrelated to ribosomal RNA, so neither fails first.
8. Assembly of ribosomal subunits fails first.
_Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 4 "Cell Structure", section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells_
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