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If a point charge is placed **outside** a closed Gaussian surface, the total flux through the surface is:
Aq/ε₀
BZero — no enclosed charge
Cq/2ε₀
DDepends on the shape
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Zero — no enclosed charge
**Charge outside → q_enclosed = 0 → Φ = 0** (Gauss's law). However, the **electric field at points on the surface is NOT zero** (external charges still contribute E). The integral of E · dA over the closed surface vanishes because every field line that enters must exit.
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