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Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface is:
AEqual to the total charge enclosed multiplied by ε₀
BEqual to the total charge enclosed divided by ε₀: Φ = q_enclosed / ε₀
CEqual to the total electric field times the surface area
DAlways zero
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Equal to the total charge enclosed divided by ε₀: Φ = q_enclosed / ε₀
**Gauss's law**: ∮ E · dA = **q_enclosed / ε₀**. Valid for any closed (Gaussian) surface, any shape/size. The flux depends only on the **enclosed charge**, NOT on the position of the charge inside or on any external charges (though E itself does depend on all charges).
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