The doctrine of 'RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT' (R2P), adopted by the World Summit in 2005, recognises that:

1. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine was endorsed by all UN Member States in the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document (GA Res 60/1). 2. R2P has THREE PILLARS: (i) each State has the responsibility to protect its populations from the four mass atrocity crimes (genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity); (ii) the international community has a responsibility to assist and encourage States to fulfil this responsibility; (iii) if a State manifestly fails, the international community is prepared to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the SECURITY COUNCIL, in accordance with the UN Charter, including Chapter VII. 3. R2P was invoked in the 2011 Libya intervention (UNSC Res 1973). 4. Application has been controversial — selectively applied; debate over implementation in Syria, Myanmar, etc. 5. Hence option B is correct. _Source: UN Charter 1945 / VCLT 1969 — 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, paragraphs 138-139_