The DOCTRINE OF THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND is associated with:

Question

Accepted Answer

D. the deep seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of national jurisdiction ('the Area') under UNCLOS Part XI; also outer space under the Moon Treaty 1979

1. The doctrine of COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND posits that certain spaces and resources are the patrimony of all humankind, to be managed for the benefit of all (including future generations).
2. UNCLOS 1982 Article 136 declares the 'Area' (the deep seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of national jurisdiction) and its resources to be the COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND.
3. Part XI UNCLOS establishes the International Seabed Authority (ISA) to administer mining activities in the Area.
4. The Moon Treaty 1979 Article 11 declares the moon and its natural resources to be the COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND — though the Treaty has very few signatories (no spacefaring nation is a party).
5. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UN Charter 1945 / Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969 / Geneva Conventions 1949 / ICJ Statute / UDHR ICCPR ICESCR — UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11_

Answer

the High Seas only, under customary international law alone (cf. UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11) (cf. UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11)

Answer

the territorial waters and EEZ of coastal States exclusively (cf. UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11) (cf. UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11)

Answer

all natural resources of every State without distinction (cf. UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11) (cf. UNCLOS 1982, Article 136; Moon Treaty 1979, Article 11)