The PROTECTION OF DIPLOMATIC AGENTS is governed by the:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A.
1. The VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS 1961 (VCDR) is the foundational treaty for diplomatic immunities and privileges.
2. Article 22: PREMISES OF MISSION are inviolable — receiving State has special duty to protect.
3. Article 24: ARCHIVES AND DOCUMENTS of mission are inviolable.
4. Article 29: DIPLOMATIC AGENT shall be inviolable — not liable to any form of arrest or detention.
5. Article 31: diplomatic agent enjoys immunity from criminal jurisdiction of receiving State, and from civil/administrative jurisdiction (with three exceptions).
6. Article 32: immunity may be expressly WAIVED by sending State.
7. The 1980 ICJ judgment in US Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran emphasised the rules' fundamental importance.
8. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UN Charter 1945 / Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969 / ICJ Statute / ARSIWA 2001 — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961_
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