Article 51 of the Constitution of India is a DPSP directing the State to:
Aadopt international law as part of Indian municipal law automatically (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51)
Btransfer all judicial decisions to the ICJ for review (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51)
CENDEAVOUR to (a) promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations; (c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations; (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by ARBITRATION
Dabolish all military forces and rely on international law alone (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51) (cf. Constitution of India, Article 51)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. ENDEAVOUR to (a) promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations; (c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations; (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by ARBITRATION
1. Article 51 Constitution of India (DPSP): 'The State shall endeavour to — (a) promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations; (c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another; and (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by ARBITRATION.'
2. Article 51 is a non-justiciable DPSP under Part IV — not enforceable in courts but fundamental in governance.
3. Article 253 empowers Parliament to make any law to implement treaties (the 'dualist' implementation mechanism).
4. The Supreme Court in Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1997 SC 3011 used CEDAW provisions to fashion sexual harassment guidelines until Parliament legislated.
5. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: UN Charter 1945 / Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969 / ICJ Statute / ARSIWA 2001 — Constitution of India, Article 51_
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